The Largest Airports in the UK: Heathrow, Gatwick & More

The United Kingdom is home to a dynamic and expansive air travel network, with airports that serve as vital gateways for both domestic and international journeys. From London’s global aviation hubs to regional powerhouses like Manchester and Edinburgh, the UK’s airports handle hundreds of millions of passengers each year. In this article, we explore the UK’s biggest and busiest airports, examining their passenger numbers, roles in regional connectivity, and contributions to the broader aviation landscape. Whether you're a frequent flyer, an industry observer, or simply curious about UK travel infrastructure, this overview offers key insights into the nation's top-performing airports.

The busiest airports in the UK: key facts and insights

The United Kingdom is home to some of Europe’s busiest airports, serving as vital gateways for both domestic and international travel. In 2024, London Heathrow Airport maintained its position as the UK’s largest and busiest airport, handling 83 million passengers—a clear indicator of recovery and ongoing growth following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Following Heathrow, London Gatwick Airport served approximately 43.2 million passengers, making it the second busiest airport in the country. Manchester Airport, the busiest outside of London, welcomed around 30.7 million travelers, cementing its importance in regional connectivity and global air routes.

Other major airports include London Stansted, with 29.6 million passengers, and London Luton, with 16.9 million, further illustrating London’s dominance in the UK aviation sector.

However, regional hubs are continuing to grow in prominence. Edinburgh Airport handled 15.7 million passengers, while Birmingham Airport saw 13 million—surpassing previous years and indicating strong demand across the UK.

Airports like Bristol (10.6 million), Glasgow (8 million), and Belfast International (6.7 million) also played significant roles in the nation’s air traffic landscape. Newcastle, Liverpool, and East Midlands airports followed closely, each serving between 4.1 and 5.1 million passengers.

In total, the UK’s top airports processed hundreds of millions of passengers in 2024, reinforcing the resilience and strategic importance of the country’s aviation infrastructure.

London’s Leading Role and the Rise of Regional Airports

London’s airports—Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, and City—remain at the heart of UK international air travel, collectively managing well over 170 million passengers in 2024. Heathrow alone continues to stand out as a global aviation hub with world-class connectivity.

Meanwhile, regional airports like Manchester, Edinburgh, Birmingham, and Glasgow are becoming increasingly important. These hubs not only alleviate congestion in London but also offer direct access to international destinations from across the UK.

This rise of regional airports reflects a broader trend toward more distributed and accessible air travel, giving travelers more options and contributing to regional economic growth. As the demand for air travel continues to rise, both London-based and regional airports will play essential roles in connecting the UK to the world.

London Heathrow Airport (LHR)

London Heathrow Airport is the largest and busiest airport in the United Kingdom, handling approximately 83.8 million passengers in 2024. Situated in west London, Heathrow plays a critical role in both European and global aviation, offering flights to destinations across nearly every continent. It is a primary hub for major airlines like British Airways and Virgin Atlantic, and operates four terminals that serve dozens of international carriers.

Heathrow has long been recognized for its extensive connectivity, premium passenger services, and strategic importance in linking the UK to the rest of the world. Although it experienced a drop in global rankings due to capacity constraints, it still ranked fourth among the busiest airports worldwide in 2024—a testament to its resilience and continued relevance post-pandemic.

Historically, Heathrow reached over 80 million passengers annually before the pandemic, leading Europe in traffic volume. Its recovery since 2020 has been strong, with steady year-on-year growth. Despite temporary dips, the airport remains a global leader and is attracting new airlines and restoring capacity, reaffirming its role as a major international gateway.

Heathrow’s long-debated expansion project, which includes the proposed construction of a third runway, has sparked significant environmental concerns. Critics highlight the potential impact on local communities and carbon emissions, making the airport’s future a subject of national debate. While the expansion remains controversial, supporters argue it’s essential for maintaining Heathrow’s competitiveness in global aviation.

London Gatwick Airport (LGW)

London Gatwick Airport is the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom, serving approximately 43.2 million passengers in 2024. Located just south of London, Gatwick is renowned for operating the world’s busiest single-runway airport, delivering impressive efficiency while handling a high volume of flights.

Gatwick plays a vital role in the UK’s aviation network, offering a strong mix of short-haul and long-haul routes. It serves as a major base for both low-cost carriers such as easyJet and full-service international airlines, contributing to its diverse passenger profile.

Gatwick connects to 213 destinations worldwide, ranking 15th globally for airport connectivity—on par with Houston’s George Bush Intercontinental Airport. This wide network underlines its strategic importance not just within the UK but on the global stage.

Despite its operational strengths, Gatwick has faced criticism in terms of passenger experience. A study involving over 1,600 travellers named it among the most stressful airports, highlighting areas for improvement in customer service and overall airport navigation. Nevertheless, the airport continues to invest in upgrades to enhance passenger comfort and reduce bottlenecks.

Manchester Airport (MAN)

Manchester Airport is the busiest airport in the UK outside of London and serves as a crucial international gateway for the North of England. Located in Ringway, approximately seven miles southwest of Manchester city centre, the airport handled 30.7 million passengers in 2024, making it the third-busiest airport in the country.

With three passenger terminals and connections to nearly 200 global destinations, Manchester Airport offers extensive access across Europe, North America, the Middle East, and Asia. It is a hub for both low-cost and full-service carriers, including Ryanair, Emirates, and Singapore Airlines, providing a diverse range of travel options for both leisure and business passengers.

Operated by the Manchester Airports Group (MAG), the airport is undergoing a major £1.3 billion transformation, set for completion in 2025. The project aims to merge and modernize terminals, increase capacity, and enhance the passenger experience.

Manchester Airport is also a major economic engine for the region. In 2016, it was responsible for contributing £5.5 billion to the regional economy, and by 2040, that figure is projected to grow by nearly 80% to £6.3 billion. It’s estimated to add £2.9 billion to business productivity by the same year, underlining its pivotal role in supporting Northern England’s economic development and global connectivity.

Often referred to as the "Northern Gateway", Manchester Airport exemplifies the growing shift toward regional air hubs. Its rising passenger volumes and long-term investment plans signal a strong future—not just for the airport itself, but for the wider Northern economy.

London Stansted Airport (STN)

London Stansted Airport is one of the UK’s busiest airports and a major hub for low-cost air travel. Located in Essex, northeast of central London, Stansted handled 29.6 million passengers in 2024, making it the fourth-busiest airport in the country.

Primarily focused on European short-haul routes, Stansted is a critical base for budget airlines—most notably Ryanair, which operates hundreds of flights daily from the airport. Its affordable fares and extensive network make it a popular choice for both leisure and business travellers seeking cost-effective travel across Europe.

Unlike Heathrow and Gatwick, which offer a mix of long-haul and short-haul services, Stansted is heavily specialized in serving low-cost carriers. This focus has allowed the airport to thrive in the budget travel market, connecting passengers to over 150 destinations across the continent.

Despite its specialization, the airport continues to grow in strategic importance, offering increased flight frequency and seasonal destinations. Stansted’s single-terminal design ensures a streamlined passenger experience, and recent investments have improved facilities and increased capacity.

London Luton Airport (LTN)

London Luton Airport is a major player in the UK’s low-cost aviation sector, catering to 16.9 million passengers in 2024. Located about 35 miles north of central London, it offers a convenient alternative to the capital’s larger airports, especially for budget-conscious travellers.

As a key base for airlines like easyJet and Wizz Air, Luton specializes in short-haul European routes, particularly to destinations in Eastern and Central Europe. The airport is especially popular with leisure travellers, although its accessibility and fast rail links to London also make it a viable option for business travel.

Luton Airport has positioned itself as a vital gateway for low-cost and charter flights, with a strong emphasis on affordability and efficiency. Over the years, it has seen steady growth, driven by the expansion of budget airlines and increasing passenger demand.

Recent investments in terminal upgrades, transport links, and passenger amenities have enhanced the overall experience and boosted capacity. The DART (Direct Air-Rail Transit) system, which opened in 2023, has significantly improved the airport's connectivity to Luton Airport Parkway Station, cutting journey times to central London and easing access for millions of passengers.

Edinburgh Airport (EDI)

Edinburgh Airport is the busiest airport in Scotland and a key aviation hub for the nation, serving 15.7 million passengers in 2024—a significant rise from the previous year. Located just six miles west of Edinburgh city centre, the airport plays a pivotal role in linking Scotland to both domestic and international destinations.

Owned and operated by Edinburgh Airport Limited, the facility is the sixth-busiest airport in the UK overall and the second-busiest outside of London. With over 150 destinations served directly, it offers strong connections to major European capitals and cities, as well as an expanding transatlantic network supported by U.S. legacy carriers such as United Airlines, Delta, and American Airlines.

Edinburgh Airport is not only a major access point for tourism in Scotland—attracting visitors to landmarks such as Edinburgh Castle, the Highlands, and the world-renowned Edinburgh Festival—it also supports substantial business and cargo traffic, contributing significantly to the region's economy.

Positioned near the M8 and M9 motorways and supported by strong public transport links, the airport is easily accessible from across central Scotland. Continuous investments in infrastructure and passenger services have allowed it to accommodate a growing volume of travellers while maintaining a smooth travel experience.

Birmingham Airport (BHX)

Birmingham Airport is a vital air travel hub for the Midlands region, serving 12.8 million passengers in 2024. Located in Solihull, just eight miles east of Birmingham city centre, it plays a central role in connecting the UK’s second-largest city with destinations across Europe, the Middle East, and select long-haul markets.

As the seventh-busiest airport in the UK, Birmingham Airport is strategically positioned to serve both business and leisure travellers. It is a key base for low-cost and charter airlines including Jet2.com, Ryanair, TUI Airways, and easyJet, which collectively offer an extensive network of flights to popular European holiday spots.

Though primarily focused on short and medium-haul routes, Birmingham also maintains limited but significant long-haul connectivity, including non-stop services by Air India to cities like Delhi and Amritsar, helping serve the region’s diverse international communities.

Birmingham Airport is well-connected to road and rail networks, including a direct rail link to Birmingham International Station, making it easily accessible from across the West Midlands. The airport is also known for its streamlined layout and efficient passenger services, making it a convenient alternative to larger, more congested airports.

Bristol Airport (BRS)

Bristol Airport is the primary air gateway for the South West of England, serving 10.6 million passengers in 2024, and accounting for approximately 3.6% of the UK’s total air travel market. Located about eight miles southwest of Bristol city centre in North Somerset, the airport plays a crucial role in regional connectivity and economic development.

Originally opened in 1957 on the site of a former RAF airfield, the airport has evolved significantly over the decades. Previously known as Lulsgate Airport, and later Bristol International, the airport now operates under full ownership of the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and has grown into one of the UK’s busiest regional airports.

Bristol Airport is especially strong in short-haul European markets, offering a wide network of destinations through low-cost carriers like easyJet and Ryanair. It has also been expanding its seasonal and charter offerings to meet growing demand for leisure travel.

Bristol Airport has been experiencing steady growth, with passenger numbers recovering strongly post-pandemic. In 2019, it ranked as the eighth-busiest airport in the UK, a position it continues to defend through ongoing expansion and infrastructure improvements.

The airport is also focused on sustainability goals, including plans to become a net zero airport by 2030. Future developments include terminal upgrades, improved transport links, and an expanded flight schedule to accommodate increasing passenger volumes.

With its strategic location and growing network, Bristol Airport is a vital transport link for residents and businesses across Bristol, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall. As international travel demand continues to rebound, the airport is positioning itself as a key regional hub with global ambitions.

Glasgow Airport (GLA)

Glasgow Airport, located roughly 10 miles west of the city centre in Paisley, is one of Scotland’s key aviation gateways. In 2024, it handled approximately 8 million passengers, representing 2.8% of the UK’s total air travel market. It is the second-busiest airport in Scotland after Edinburgh and ranks ninth nationwide.

Glasgow Airport plays a crucial role in connecting Scotland to both domestic and international destinations. It serves a broad network that includes UK cities, major European destinations, and long-haul routes, particularly across the North Atlantic. The airport is a base for a variety of carriers including Loganair, Scotland’s regional airline, and low-cost operators like easyJet, Jet2.com, and TUI Airways.

Its mix of business and leisure routes makes Glasgow an essential hub for tourism, commerce, and family travel across the Central Belt and beyond.

Passenger numbers at Glasgow Airport have seen steady recovery since the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting increasing demand for both international and regional connectivity. In 2019, the airport welcomed over 8.8 million travellers, and 2024 figures suggest a strong return to pre-pandemic levels.

As the main airport for western Scotland, it provides vital air links not only for the city of Glasgow but also for surrounding areas including Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, and the Highlands.

Belfast International Airport (BFS)

Belfast International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Northern Ireland, handling approximately 6.7 million passengers in 2024, which accounts for about 2.3% of the UK’s total air traffic. Located in Aldergrove, roughly 13 miles northwest of Belfast city centre, it serves as a crucial hub for both domestic and short-haul international travel.

Originally known as Aldergrove Airport, the facility has long played a key role in connecting Northern Ireland to major cities across Great Britain as well as popular holiday destinations across Europe. The airport has seen steady growth in recent years, with a 23% increase in passengers between 2022 and 2023, highlighting its expanding importance.

The airport's largest operator, easyJet, offers frequent and affordable services to major UK hubs such as London, Manchester, and Glasgow, as well as destinations across Spain, Portugal, Italy, and beyond. Other airlines, including Jet2.com and TUI Airways, also contribute to the airport's strong leisure travel offerings.

Belfast International is operated by VINCI Airports, a global airport operator. The facility was once shared with the Royal Air Force, but the RAF base closed in 2008, leaving the site fully dedicated to civil aviation. Ongoing investments aim to upgrade terminal facilities, enhance passenger experience, and support continued growth in flight offerings.

As the main aviation gateway for Northern Ireland, Belfast International plays a vital role in economic development, tourism, and connectivity for the region’s residents and businesses. With demand steadily rising, the airport is well-positioned to grow its network and further strengthen its place in the UK’s aviation landscape.

Other busy airports in the UK

Newcastle International Airport (NCL)

Newcastle International is the main airport for Northeast England, serving around 5.1 million passengers in 2024 (1.8% of the UK market). Located 7.7 miles from the city, it connects the region to the UK and Europe, with major airlines like Jet2, TUI, easyJet, and British Airways. Passenger numbers have remained stable post-pandemic, reflecting steady demand. Recognized as Europe’s Best Airport in 2019 (in its size category), it plays a key role in supporting regional connectivity, tourism, and the local economy.

Liverpool John Lennon Airport (LPL)

Serving approximately 5 million passengers in 2024 (1.7% of the UK market), Liverpool John Lennon Airport is the main gateway for Merseyside. Located 7.5 miles from the city center, it offers flights across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. With rising post-pandemic traffic and efficient operations from a single terminal, it supports airlines like easyJet, Ryanair, and Wizz Air. The airport is a vital link for tourism and business in the Liverpool region.

Leeds Bradford Airport (LBA)

Leeds Bradford Airport handled 4.2 million passengers in 2024, representing 1.4% of UK traffic. Positioned between Leeds and Bradford, it serves West Yorkshire and beyond. Originally opened in 1931, it is now a major base for Jet2, with Ryanair and TUI also offering extensive European routes. Notably, it is the UK’s highest airport by elevation, sometimes affecting winter operations.

East Midlands Airport (EMA)

East Midlands Airport, located in Castle Donington, processed 4.1 million passengers in 2024 (1.4% of the UK total) and is the UK’s second-busiest for freight. Opened in 1965, it supports key cargo carriers like DHL and UPS. With strong road access and a single terminal, it serves leisure routes across Europe through airlines like Ryanair, Jet2, and TUI. Its dual focus on passengers and freight makes it essential to the Midlands’ travel and logistics infrastructure.

Frequently asked questions about airports in the UK